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ADHD and Anxiety Medication Anxiety disorders are often co-occurring with ADHD. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, irritability and sleeplessness. Stimulant medication can help ease these symptoms, but they can also cause adverse effects, such as the development of tics and minor reduction in growth in children and adolescents. In addition, some people experience anxiety-related issues when taking stimulant medications. Stimulants The use of stimulants is to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. medication for adult add can be found in capsules, tablets, chunky clear crystals or a white or brown powder. The use of large doses of stimulants can result in over-stimulation, anxiety, stomach cramps, panic attacks or paranoia. Long-term stimulant use can cause addiction and severe side effects like heart problems high pressure, stroke and heart attacks. These medications are also proven to reduce anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing brain chemicals like norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. They are less in ADHD patients. This improves the activity and communication of the parts of the brain which control attention and executive functions. This leads to an improvement in control of impulses and anxiety symptoms decreasing. Both atomoxetine (as as methylphenidate) reduce anxiety symptoms among adults with ADHD who also have anxiety disorders. Both medications showed improvement in anxiety symptoms as early as the 4th week of treatment. The benefit was evident for eight weeks. It is important to remember that the type medication that will be most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur could depend on which disorder is more detrimental to the quality of life of a person. One may experience numerous mini-crises that cause worry on a regular schedule when they have to rush to make appointments or keep up with assignments at school or at work. These can be distressing and trigger anxiety more often than signs of panic attacks or fear. In these situations it is possible to treat anxiety-related symptoms with antidepressants or SSRIs that have been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety levels in adults. These are usually taken orally and may take a bit longer to take effect, but the most commonly used options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Sertraline and Fluoxetine, as well as serotonin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine and venlafaxine. These medications can be used in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety. They are especially beneficial if a patient has high or racing heart rate. SSRIs Antidepressants, such as SSRIs (antidepressant drugs) are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. The drug that is the most popular in this class is fluoxetine, also known as Prozac. The SSRIs are also effective in treating post-traumatic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. These medications are more adaptable and have fewer side effects than previous generations of antidepressants. The SSRIs inhibit the reuptake serotonin in synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter to remain active in the synapse, and to signal the post-synaptic cells more often than it would normally. This may increase the output of norepinephrine, which may reduce anxiety. It may also lead to higher levels of the neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP), which stimulates protein production. They also decrease the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity. They can also improve the quality of sleep and decrease agitation in individuals with ADHD. However, these drugs can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in some individuals. They can also increase appetite and weight gain when they first begin. SNRIs are a different kind of antidepressant compared to SSRIs. SNRIs prevent the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Like SSRIs they may influence anxiety, but they also improve the functioning of heart muscle and blood vessels, which may reduce anxiety and stress. People with bipolar disorder can also benefit from their use. The most popular SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta), the venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). SNRIs can cause blood pressure to increase in certain individuals, so those who suffer from high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease should avoid taking these medications. In addition to medication in addition, there are a variety of behavioral treatments that can aid in reducing anxiety and ADHD. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can reduce anxiety and stress. Some people find that tapping on certain points on the body, or Emotional Freedom Techniques, can help lower the cortisol hormone that is responsible for anxiety. Exercise and diet can also reduce anxiety. Your doctor can recommend a diet of whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoid sugar, which can worsen anxiety in some ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant based medicines Although stimulants are extremely effective in treating ADHD and have been extensively researched however they are not the best choice for people with coexisting anxiety and ADHD. These medications can cause negative side effects, such as increased heart rate and jitteriness. These symptoms can mirror or worsen anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant medications have been prescribed for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They do not increase blood pressure or heart rate, and they are less likely to have anxiety-related adverse effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine is a drug that targets receptors for norepinephrine, a brain chemical that improves attention and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. It has also been shown to reduce anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers collected clinical articles from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO to determine if atomoxetine reduced anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is another drug that can ease anxiety symptoms. It is a brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is typically prescribed to patients suffering from ADHD and depression. It can also improve moods and help reduce anxiety symptoms. It is often best to address the anxiety first before tackling ADHD. This will typically make the anxiety symptoms disappear. It is common for kids with ADHD to suffer from anxiety, and in a few instances, anxiety may be caused by their ADHD symptoms. Psychostimulants and cognitive-behavioral treatments are generally the most effective treatments for anxiety in this type of situation. This is because these therapies address the root cause of the problem and reduce ADHD symptoms, which will consequently, decrease the anxiety. Antidepressants are often prescribed to people with co-existing ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target Serotonin, a chemical in the brain, can alleviate anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. The final decision of which medication is right for you will be determined by your doctor. They will look at your symptoms, lifestyle and age as well as other health conditions prior to recommending any medication. It is essential to discuss your treatment goals with your doctor and stick to a daily schedule while taking any medication. Other options Based on your specific health goals, there are other treatment options that may also help you manage ADHD and anxiety. These include mindfulness meditation yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques) tapping and sleeping nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. Dr. Hallowell says that people with anxiety are more prone to develop symptoms of ADHD, which makes it difficult to treat both conditions simultaneously. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, then non-stimulant medication like atomoxetine or bupropion for anxiety disorders. These medications are available 24/7 and are not controlled substances, similar to stimulants.